化妆品毒理学试验方法的标准比对

化妆品行业的快速发展离不开标准化的技术支撑，标准化对于推动技术进步、规范市场秩序、促进国际贸易起到重要的作用。本文对毒理学试验方法中的急性经皮毒性试验、亚慢性经皮毒性试验、致畸试验的国内外相关标准进行梳理和比对，分析目前标准存在的具体问题并提出建议。     

Women's roles and women's drinking: A comparative study in four European countries 1

The present study analyzes the influence of role combinations on heavy drinking in four European countries: Finland, France, Germany, and Switzerland. Data sets come from nationally representative surveys. A growing number of studies have investigated the influence of social roles on alcohol consumption. Different theories such as role accumulation, role overload, and role deprivation aim to explain the association between roles and poor mental health, including heavy alcohol consumption. The results show that roles and role combinations influence heavy drinking differently in each country. The findings also indicate that the social position of women in a country is strongly connected to the differing associations between specific role combinations and heavy drinking across countries. No single role theory can be applied cross‐culturally. Large‐scale surveys are needed to test statistically the association between role combinations and heavy drinking.     

互动式教学法与主讲式教学法在《心电图》教学中的应用及效果探讨

针对传统"主讲式教学法"的不足,将"互动式教学法"引入《心电图》教学。结果表明,"互动式教学法"更有利于提高学生的学习兴趣以及分析问题,解决问题的能力,使《心电图》教学质量不断得到提高。     

商河县生活垃圾无害化处理场库区杂填土地基处理

针对山东省商河县生活垃圾无害化处理场工程地质条件及垃圾堆载特点，介绍了地基处理方法的选用原则，根据地勘建议做水泥深层搅拌桩处理，与建筑常用的强夯法、换填法等处理方法进行综合分析比选，确定采用强夯法处理最为适合，并提出了具体的施工方法，对强夯后地基进行载荷试验检测，结果符合设计要求。     

普通肝素与低分子肝素透析对透析穿刺口压迫止血时间对比

目的：探讨普通肝素透析和低分子肝素透析患者穿刺点压迫止血时间，确保对穿刺口压迫止血有效。方法：A组120例普通肝素透析患者，B组120例低分子肝素透析患者，按常规透析治疗处理后，记录两组患者穿刺口压迫止血时间，运用统计学进行分析。结果：B组120例患者，比A组止血时间缩短3min以上（含3min）的90例，占75．0％；缩短2-3min25例，占20．8％；止血时间缩短少于1rain5例，占4．2％，低分子肝素透析与普通肝素透析平均止血时间比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：低分子肝素透析相比普通肝素透析穿刺口压迫止血所需时间平均缩短3．26min。     

Organization and overall job satisfaction among publicly employed,salaried dentists in Sweden and Denmark

Abstract

Background. In Sweden and Denmark, clinical dentistry is changing and public dentistry is in transition towards more market orientation. Dentists' overall job satisfaction is important for how public dentistry can fulfil the new expectations from patients, the public and politicians. Objectives. The aim of this study was to investigate what organizational factors were important for publicly employed salaried dentists' overall job satisfaction. Methods. A random sample of active, general dental practitioners (private and publicly employed) was selected in Denmark and in Sweden, and they received a postal questionnaire. The number of questionnaires was 1835 and the response rate was 68% (n = 1226). This study analysed only the publicly employed dentists. The sampling frame for the Swedish dentists was 431, response rate 68.9% (n = 297) and for the Danish ones 194, response rate 81.9% (n = 159). Multivariate regression was used with overall job satisfaction as a dependent variable. Results. Common organizational variables were important. The used model explained between 32% (Sweden) and 39% (Denmark) of the variance in overall job satisfaction. The only significant individual factor was less job satisfaction for Swedish dentists born outside Sweden. An organizational climate characterized by a focus on professional values was associated with job satisfaction in both countries. Among the Swedish dentists, number of colleagues and degree of influence were also important and among the Danish ones sufficient time for patients. Conclusions. Organizational factors had an impact on salaried publicly employed dentists' overall job satisfaction in both countries. The findings may have implications for other Human Service Organizations with employed professionals.     

罗氏e602不同仪器间乙肝标志物检测结果的一致性

目的对罗氏cobas 8000 e602乙肝标志物的试剂在Au1和Au2检测两仪器间检测结果的一致性进行评价。方法参照CLSI EP9A3方案,各取40例样本同时在Au1和Au2间单次检测,对其结果进行一致性分析,计算医学决定水平处的偏移值,以≤1/2室间质评(±10%)作为可接受标准。结果罗氏e602 Au1和Au2间乙肝标志物结果 95%在Bland-Altman一致性界限内,Passing-Bablok回归方程分别为HBsAg:Y=-0.0036+1.0458X,HBsAb:Y=0.6364+1.0043X;HBeAg:Y=-0.0096+1.0063X;HBeAb:Y=-0.0011+1.0203X;HBcAb:Y=-0.0002+0.9160X。医学决定水平的偏移值分别为4.13%、6.57%、-0.33%、1.88%、-8.79%,比对结果可接受。结论罗氏cobas 8000 e602Au1和Au2检测乙肝标志物的比对结果一致,检测结果无差异。     

中美公共卫生本科教育的比较研究

本文以美国密歇根大学和我国开设了全日制本科公共卫生教育的院校为例,通过文献比较、网站浏览等方式获得各高校本科课程设置的数据资料,对比中美本科公共卫生专业学位设置、课程设置的区别,为完善我国本科公共卫生教育提供有益的参考。我国公共卫生本科教育与美国具有一定的差异,美国的公共卫生本科教育中设有文学学位、理学学位和双学位;课程类别主要包括通识课、核心课程、选修课和顶石课;核心课程进行了整合,主要包括公共卫生系统-成就与挑战,人群健康的决定因素和差异性、数据驱动的公共卫生解决方案、公共卫生行动-创造性变革四门;选修课涉及内容广泛,涉及较多社会学范畴的课程;顶石课形式灵活多样,将理论知识和专业实践做到有机融合;我国可以结合具体国情参考借鉴其经验完善公共卫生的本科教育。     

福建省医疗机构医疗设备质量控制检测技术能力比对结果分析与评价

目的评价福建省医疗机构医疗设备质控检测分析仪的准确可靠程度。方法参考实验室间比对能力验证的方法,对21家医疗机构的通用电气安全、高频电刀、呼吸机和多参数监护仪4种检测分析仪共12个参数进行检测,采用稳健统计Z比分数法和实验室偏移估计值法进行评价。结果在四种检测分析仪比对的全部377个参数检测结果中,符合预期的有335个(88.86%);结果可疑26个(6.90%);不符合预期15个(4.24%);四种检测分析仪完全符合预期的比例为:通用电气50.00%、高频电刀50.00%、呼吸机69.23%、多参数监护仪83.33%。结论比对数据分析结果整体情况较好,但检测分析仪整体完全符合预期的比例不高,各医疗机构应予注意,结合具体参数检测结果,自行分析查找原因并改进。